Comparison of known biotas - Revision history

Maxisnt: /* Genetic storage */

2026-02-14T20:55:24Z

Genetic storage

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:55, 14 February 2026
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	''Inositol nucleic discs'' (abbreviated INDs) are the main [[Maaya\|Maayan]] genetic information storage chemical. They are almost-flat discs, a central cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol (''myo-inositol'') molecule in the middle, with positions 2, 3, 5 and 6 recording information by changing groups ([[wikipedia:Methyl group\|methyl]], [[wikipedia:Amino group\|amino]], [[wikipedia:Carboxyl group\|carboxyl]] and [[wikipedia:Hydroxyl group\|hydroxyl]]). These discs are stacked together in long cylindrical polymers, similar to DNA, linking together in positions 1 and 4 through phosphate groups. Position 2, being axial, serves as a start/stop point for enzymes reading the information.		''Inositol nucleic discs'' (abbreviated INDs) are the main [[Maaya\|Maayan]] genetic information storage chemical. They are almost-flat discs, a central cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol (''myo-inositol'') molecule in the middle, with positions 2, 3, 5 and 6 recording information by changing groups ([[wikipedia:Methyl group\|methyl]], [[wikipedia:Amino group\|amino]], [[wikipedia:Carboxyl group\|carboxyl]] and [[wikipedia:Hydroxyl group\|hydroxyl]]). These discs are stacked together in long cylindrical polymers, similar to DNA, linking together in positions 1 and 4 through phosphate groups. Position 2, being axial, serves as a start/stop point for enzymes reading the information.

	With 4 states possible per 4 positions, the possible disc combinations add up to a total of 256 combinations. However, despite the large number of combinations, the genome only encodes for around 26 amino acids, with many disc configurations being redundant. This implies that there is a hard limit of possible amino acid biosynthesis pathways. The leading theory is that ancestral lifeforms on Maaya encoded for many more amino acids, but only those with few remained, while every other evolutionary line perished due to exponentially more frequent and deadly protein misfolding and Alzheimer's-like aggregation events. As proteins became bigger and more complex, there were more opportunities for them to synthesise wrong. Even today, one of the top death causes among ~~Amono~~ is ACS (amono cerebrosclerosis, the hardening of brain tissue due to massive protein aggregation), almost as common as cancer.		With 4 states possible per 4 positions, the possible disc combinations add up to a total of 256 combinations. However, despite the large number of combinations, the genome only encodes for around 26 amino acids, with many disc configurations being redundant. This implies that there is a hard limit of possible amino acid biosynthesis pathways. The leading theory is that ancestral lifeforms on Maaya encoded for many more amino acids, but only those with few remained, while every other evolutionary line perished due to exponentially more frequent and deadly protein misfolding and Alzheimer's-like aggregation events. As proteins became bigger and more complex, there were more opportunities for them to synthesise wrong. Even today, one of the top death causes among [[amono]] is ACS (amono cerebrosclerosis, the hardening of brain tissue due to massive protein aggregation), almost as common as cancer.

	INDs are ''highly'' mutation-resistant as a result of their chemical stability. However, genetic repair enzymes on Maaya are much less efficient than their CEVO group equivalents (the biological unit group that includes World and Earth cells), making it easier for a mutation to slip through and become a permanent, inheritable part of the genome.		INDs are ''highly'' mutation-resistant as a result of their chemical stability. However, genetic repair enzymes on Maaya are much less efficient than their CEVO group equivalents (the biological unit group that includes World and Earth cells), making it easier for a mutation to slip through and become a permanent, inheritable part of the genome.
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	[[File:Genetics-fndp.svg\|thumb\|FNDP visualised.]]		[[File:Genetics-fndp.svg\|thumb\|FNDP visualised.]]
	NDPs ('''n'''ucleic '''d'''endro'''p'''olymers), chiefly ''gene-trees'', are the main [[Atahualpa\|Atahualpan]] and [[Enya\|Enyan]] genetic information storage chemicals. They are dendritic polymers that encode information in tridimensional patterns, using [[Wikipedia:Deoxyribose\|deoxyribose]] in Enya and [[Wikipedia:Fuculose\|fuculose]] in Atahualpa as backbones, and about three to four distinct bases for actual storage. The kind of branch encodes the type of amino acid being encoded, with the nucleobases at the ends providing further specification. These patterns (of 3 bases in Enya and 4 in Atahualpa) are somewhat hard to predict, and mutations would be very common, were it not for genetic repair enzymes in these biotas being very efficient. Mutations occur at about the same pace as they do in DNA-based organisms.		NDPs ('''n'''ucleic '''d'''endro'''p'''olymers), chiefly ''gene-trees'', are the main [[Atahualpa\|Atahualpan]] and [[Enya\|Enyan]] genetic information storage chemicals. They are dendritic polymers that encode information in tridimensional patterns, using [[Wikipedia:Deoxyribose\|deoxyribose]] in Enya and [[Wikipedia:Fuculose\|fuculose]] in Atahualpa as backbones, and about three to four distinct bases for actual storage. The kind of branch encodes the type of amino acid being encoded, with the nucleobases at the ends providing further specification. These patterns (of 3 bases in Enya and 4 in Atahualpa) are somewhat hard to predict, and mutations would be very common, were it not for genetic repair enzymes in these biotas being very efficient. Mutations occur at about the same pace as they do in DNA-based organisms.

			Fuculonucleic dendropolymer, being capable of making very complex proteins with the 28 amino acids it encodes for, can also cause problems in the long run. Atavalpobiota suffer from an elevated risk of protein misfolding and aggregation diseases, even more than maiabiota.

	=== Nucleic laminar polymer ===		=== Nucleic laminar polymer ===

Maxisnt at 20:52, 14 February 2026

2026-02-14T20:52:35Z

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	\|18		\|18
	\|21		\|21
	\|20		\|28
	\|25		\|25
	\|-		\|-

Maxisnt: /* Nucleic dendropolymer */

2026-02-14T20:47:08Z

Nucleic dendropolymer

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:47, 14 February 2026
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	=== Nucleic dendropolymer ===		=== Nucleic dendropolymer ===
	[[File:Genetics-fndp.svg\|thumb\|FNDP visualised.]]		[[File:Genetics-fndp.svg\|thumb\|FNDP visualised.]]
	NDPs ('''n'''ucleic '''d'''endro'''p'''olymers), chiefly ''gene-trees'', are the main [[Atahualpa\|Atahualpan]] and [[Enya\|Enyan]] genetic information storage chemicals. They are dendritic polymers that encode information in tridimensional patterns, using [[Wikipedia:Deoxyribose\|deoxyribose]] in Enya and [[Wikipedia:Fuculose\|fuculose]] in Atahualpa as backbones, and about three to four distinct bases for actual storage. These patterns (of 3 bases in Enya and 4 in Atahualpa) are somewhat hard to predict, and mutations would be very common, were it not for genetic repair enzymes in these biotas being very efficient. Mutations occur at about the same pace as they do in DNA-based organisms.		NDPs ('''n'''ucleic '''d'''endro'''p'''olymers), chiefly ''gene-trees'', are the main [[Atahualpa\|Atahualpan]] and [[Enya\|Enyan]] genetic information storage chemicals. They are dendritic polymers that encode information in tridimensional patterns, using [[Wikipedia:Deoxyribose\|deoxyribose]] in Enya and [[Wikipedia:Fuculose\|fuculose]] in Atahualpa as backbones, and about three to four distinct bases for actual storage. The kind of branch encodes the type of amino acid being encoded, with the nucleobases at the ends providing further specification. These patterns (of 3 bases in Enya and 4 in Atahualpa) are somewhat hard to predict, and mutations would be very common, were it not for genetic repair enzymes in these biotas being very efficient. Mutations occur at about the same pace as they do in DNA-based organisms.

	=== Nucleic laminar polymer ===		=== Nucleic laminar polymer ===

Maxisnt: /* Genetic storage */

2026-02-14T20:31:28Z

Genetic storage

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:31, 14 February 2026
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	=== Nucleic dendropolymer ===		=== Nucleic dendropolymer ===
			[[File:Genetics-fndp.svg\|thumb\|FNDP visualised.]]
	NDPs ('''n'''ucleic '''d'''endro'''p'''olymers), chiefly ''gene-trees'', are the main [[Atahualpa\|Atahualpan]] and [[Enya\|Enyan]] genetic information storage chemicals. They are dendritic polymers that encode information in tridimensional patterns, using [[Wikipedia:Deoxyribose\|deoxyribose]] in Enya and [[Wikipedia:Fuculose\|fuculose]] in Atahualpa as backbones, and about three to four distinct bases for actual storage. These patterns (of 3 bases in Enya and 4 in Atahualpa) are somewhat hard to predict, and mutations would be very common, were it not for genetic repair enzymes in these biotas being very efficient. Mutations occur at about the same pace as they do in DNA-based organisms.		NDPs ('''n'''ucleic '''d'''endro'''p'''olymers), chiefly ''gene-trees'', are the main [[Atahualpa\|Atahualpan]] and [[Enya\|Enyan]] genetic information storage chemicals. They are dendritic polymers that encode information in tridimensional patterns, using [[Wikipedia:Deoxyribose\|deoxyribose]] in Enya and [[Wikipedia:Fuculose\|fuculose]] in Atahualpa as backbones, and about three to four distinct bases for actual storage. These patterns (of 3 bases in Enya and 4 in Atahualpa) are somewhat hard to predict, and mutations would be very common, were it not for genetic repair enzymes in these biotas being very efficient. Mutations occur at about the same pace as they do in DNA-based organisms.

Maxisnt at 18:32, 14 February 2026

2026-02-14T18:32:04Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:32, 14 February 2026
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	\|[[Wikipedia:Lignin\|Lignin]]		\|[[Wikipedia:Lignin\|Lignin]]
	\|Magnesium-ammonium-phosphate mineral		\|Magnesium-ammonium-phosphate mineral
	\|?		\| colspan="2" \|Hydroxyapatite
	\|?		\|Struvite-collagen complex
	\|?
	\|}		\|}

Maxisnt at 18:23, 14 February 2026

2026-02-14T18:23:02Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:23, 14 February 2026
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	\|[[Comparison of known biotas#Glyconucleic acid\|GNA]]		\|[[Comparison of known biotas#Glyconucleic acid\|GNA]]
	\|[[Comparison of known biotas#Nucleic laminar polymer\|FNLP]]		\|[[Comparison of known biotas#Nucleic laminar polymer\|FNLP]]
	\|?		\|DNA + RNA
	\|[[Comparison of known biotas#Nucleic polycobaltocene\|NPC]]		\|[[Comparison of known biotas#Nucleic polycobaltocene\|NPC]]
	\|?		\|[[Comparison of known biotas#Nucleic dendropolymer\|DNDP]]
	\|?		\|FNDP
	\|RNLP		\|RNLP
	\|-		\|-
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	\|Polyphosphate chains		\|Polyphosphate chains
	\|[[wikipedia:Pyrroloquinoline quinone\|Pyrroloquinoline quinone]]		\|[[wikipedia:Pyrroloquinoline quinone\|Pyrroloquinoline quinone]]
	\|?		\|[[Wikipedia:GTP\|GTP]]
	\|[[wikipedia:Corrin\|Corrin]]-like molecule, redox based		\|[[wikipedia:Corrin\|Corrin]]-like molecule, redox based
	\|?		\|?
	\|?		\|Pyrroloquinoline quinone
	\|Polyphosphate chains		\|Polyphosphate chains
	\|-		\|-
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	\|Dextrous		\|Dextrous
	\|Dextrous		\|Dextrous
			\|-
			! colspan="2" \|Amino acid count
			\| colspan="4" \|20
			\|26
			\|12
			\|23
			\|22
			\|18
			\|21
			\|20
			\|25
	\|-		\|-
	! colspan="14" \|Non-universal prolific characteristics		! colspan="14" \|Non-universal prolific characteristics
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	\|[[Wikipedia:Lycopene\|Lycopene]]		\|[[Wikipedia:Lycopene\|Lycopene]]
	\|[[Wikipedia:Bacteriochlorophyll e\|Bacteriochlorophyll e]]		\|[[Wikipedia:Bacteriochlorophyll e\|Bacteriochlorophyll e]]
	\|?		\|Corrin-like violet pigment
	\|?		\|[[Wikipedia:Methylene blue\|Methylene blue]]
	\|?		\|Chlorophyll
	\|?		\|[[Wikipedia:Riboflavin\|Riboflavin]]
	\|-		\|-
	! colspan="2" \|Bone mineral		! colspan="2" \|Bone mineral
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	\|[[Wikipedia:Struvite\|Struvite]]-[[Wikipedia:Collagen\|collagen]] complex		\|[[Wikipedia:Struvite\|Struvite]]-[[Wikipedia:Collagen\|collagen]] complex
	\|[[Wikipedia:Lignin\|Lignin]]		\|[[Wikipedia:Lignin\|Lignin]]
	\|?		\|Magnesium-ammonium-phosphate mineral
	\|?		\|?
	\|?		\|?
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	A common genetic issue is the sticking together of the oppositely-charged carboxyl and amino groups in the genome. This condition (called ''cytoplasmic potassium salt deficiency'' or CPSD) arises from imbalances in the usually potassium-salt-rich nuclear cytoplasm, which shields these groups from interacting. The IND strands become tangled and unreadable, leading to cells undergoing rapid necrosis if K-salts (especially [[wikipedia:Potassium sulfate\|potassium sulfate]]) are not reintroduced into the system.		A common genetic issue is the sticking together of the oppositely-charged carboxyl and amino groups in the genome. This condition (called ''cytoplasmic potassium salt deficiency'' or CPSD) arises from imbalances in the usually potassium-salt-rich nuclear cytoplasm, which shields these groups from interacting. The IND strands become tangled and unreadable, leading to cells undergoing rapid necrosis if K-salts (especially [[wikipedia:Potassium sulfate\|potassium sulfate]]) are not reintroduced into the system.

			=== Nucleic dendropolymer ===
			NDPs ('''n'''ucleic '''d'''endro'''p'''olymers), chiefly ''gene-trees'', are the main [[Atahualpa\|Atahualpan]] and [[Enya\|Enyan]] genetic information storage chemicals. They are dendritic polymers that encode information in tridimensional patterns, using [[Wikipedia:Deoxyribose\|deoxyribose]] in Enya and [[Wikipedia:Fuculose\|fuculose]] in Atahualpa as backbones, and about three to four distinct bases for actual storage. These patterns (of 3 bases in Enya and 4 in Atahualpa) are somewhat hard to predict, and mutations would be very common, were it not for genetic repair enzymes in these biotas being very efficient. Mutations occur at about the same pace as they do in DNA-based organisms.

	=== Nucleic laminar polymer ===		=== Nucleic laminar polymer ===
	[[File:Genetics-fnlp.svg\|thumb\|Visual representation of Kannoan FNLP.]]		[[File:Genetics-fnlp.svg\|thumb\|Visual representation of Kannoan FNLP.]]
	NLPs ('''n'''ucleic '''l'''aminar '''p'''olymers), chiefly ''genetic tape'' or ''genetic laminar'', are the main [[Kanno\|Kannoan]] and [[Clannad\|Clannadian]] genetic information storage chemicals~~, comparable to nucleic acids in the CEVO group of [[CoSM:Glossary#Biological unit\|biological units]]~~. They are long, flat molecular ribbons that store information through patterns utilising two chemicals, the ''bases''. These bases form two- (in simpler organisms) to six-base-wide lines (in most multicellular life) that go horizontally across the tape's width.		NLPs ('''n'''ucleic '''l'''aminar '''p'''olymers), chiefly ''genetic tape'' or ''genetic laminar'', are the main [[Kanno\|Kannoan]] and [[Clannad\|Clannadian]] genetic information storage chemicals. They are long, flat molecular ribbons that store information through patterns utilising two chemicals, the ''bases''. These bases form two- (in simpler organisms) to six-base-wide lines (in most multicellular life) that go horizontally across the tape's width.

	An important distinguishing factor of NLPs is their continuous-pattern genomes: each line in the genetic code influences the next. Sequences of lines form semi-predictable patterns, owing to the tendency of their bases to form labyrinthine chemical patterns. This pattern-based structure is inherently self-healing, in that, were a mutation to occur, enzymes would rapidly recognise it and rearrange the molecules to match the surrounding pattern. However, this system is not perfect, and lines that are "close enough" to matching the surrounding pattern are left as-is. This provides the NLPs with ample room to mutate and adapt to environmental constraints.		An important distinguishing factor of NLPs is their continuous-pattern genomes: each line in the genetic code influences the next. Sequences of lines form semi-predictable patterns, owing to the tendency of their bases to form labyrinthine chemical patterns. This pattern-based structure is inherently self-healing, in that, were a mutation to occur, enzymes would rapidly recognise it and rearrange the molecules to match the surrounding pattern. However, this system is not perfect, and lines that are "close enough" to matching the surrounding pattern are left as-is. This provides the NLPs with ample room to mutate and adapt to environmental constraints.

Maxisnt at 17:23, 14 February 2026

2026-02-14T17:23:39Z

@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 == Overview ==
 {| class="wikitable"
-! rowspan="2" |Feature
+! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Feature
 ! colspan="4" |Cevobiota
 ! rowspan="2" |Maiabiota
@@ Line 16: / Line 16: @@
 ! rowspan="2" |Clannadobiota
 |-
-!Cell
+!Cytobiota
-!Erdyll
+!Erdobiota
-!Vit
+!Vitobiota
-!Óóta
+!Óótobiota
 |-
-!Planet
+! colspan="2" |Planet
 | colspan="2" |[[World]]
 |[[Julee]]
@@ Line 34: / Line 34: @@
 |[[Clannad]]
 |-
-!Solvent
+! colspan="2" |Solvent
 | colspan="8" |[[wikipedia:Water|Water]]
 |[[wikipedia:Ammonia|Ammonia]]
 | colspan="3" |Water
 |-
-!Genetic storage
+! colspan="2" |Genetic storage
 | colspan="4" |DNA + RNA
 |[[Comparison of known biotas#Inositol nucleic disc|INDs]]
@@ Line 50: / Line 50: @@
 |RNLP
 |-
-!Energy storage
+! colspan="2" |Energy storage
 | colspan="4" |ATP
 |Sphrigocalin (binds 3 potassium ions for energy storage)
@@ Line 60: / Line 60: @@
 |?
 |Polyphosphate chains
 |}

Maxisnt at 16:21, 14 February 2026

2026-02-14T16:21:17Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:21, 14 February 2026
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	Due to the very nature of NPC's data storage, high temperatures and strong magnetic fields might tear apart the genome, leading to effects similar to radiation exposure.		Due to the very nature of NPC's data storage, high temperatures and strong magnetic fields might tear apart the genome, leading to effects similar to radiation exposure.
			[[Category:Biology]]
			[[Category:Biochemistry]]

Maxisnt: Created page with "{{WIP}} This article compares the biochemistry and characteristics of the biotas within the populated cosmos. == Overview == {| class="wikitable" ! rowspan="2" |Feature ! colspan="4" |Cevobiota ! rowspan="2" |Maiabiota ! rowspan="2" |Zoabiota ! rowspan="2" |Kannobiota ! rowspan="2" |Telebiota ! rowspan="2" |Araiobiota ! rowspan="2" |Enyabiota ! rowspan="2" |Atavalpobiota ! rowspan="2" |Clannadobiota |- !Cell !E..."

2026-02-14T16:21:00Z

Created page with "{{WIP}} This article compares the biochemistry and characteristics of the biotas within the populated cosmos. == Overview == {| class="wikitable" ! rowspan="2" |Feature ! colspan="4" |Cevobiota ! rowspan="2" |Maiabiota ! rowspan="2" |Zoabiota ! rowspan="2" |Kannobiota ! rowspan="2" |Telebiota ! rowspan="2" |Araiobiota ! rowspan="2" |Enyabiota ! rowspan="2" |Atavalpobiota ! rowspan="2" |Clannadobiota |- !Cell !E..."

New page

{{WIP}}

This article compares the biochemistry and characteristics of the [[CoSM:Glossary#Biota|biotas]] within the [[CoSM:Glossary#Populated cosmos|populated cosmos]].

== Overview ==
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" |Feature
! colspan="4" |Cevobiota
! rowspan="2" |Maiabiota
! rowspan="2" |Zoabiota
! rowspan="2" |Kannobiota
! rowspan="2" |Telebiota
! rowspan="2" |Araiobiota
! rowspan="2" |Enyabiota
! rowspan="2" |Atavalpobiota
! rowspan="2" |Clannadobiota
|-
!Cell
!Erdyll
!Vit
!Óóta
|-
!Planet
| colspan="2" |[[World]]
|[[Julee]]
|[[Elm]]
|[[Maaya]]
|[[Celiane]]
|[[Kanno]]
|[[The Farthest Land]]
|[[Arai]]
|[[Enya]]
|[[Atahualpa]]
|[[Clannad]]
|-
!Solvent
| colspan="8" |[[wikipedia:Water|Water]]
|[[wikipedia:Ammonia|Ammonia]]
| colspan="3" |Water
|-
!Genetic storage
| colspan="4" |DNA + RNA
|[[Comparison of known biotas#Inositol nucleic disc|INDs]]
|[[Comparison of known biotas#Glyconucleic acid|GNA]]
|[[Comparison of known biotas#Nucleic laminar polymer|FNLP]]
|?
|[[Comparison of known biotas#Nucleic polycobaltocene|NPC]]
|?
|?
|RNLP
|-
!Energy storage
| colspan="4" |ATP
|Sphrigocalin (binds 3 potassium ions for energy storage)
|Polyphosphate chains
|[[wikipedia:Pyrroloquinoline quinone|Pyrroloquinoline quinone]]
|?
|[[wikipedia:Corrin|Corrin]]-like molecule, redox based
|?
|?
|Polyphosphate chains
|}

== Genetic storage ==

=== Deoxyribonucleic and ribonucleic acids ===
{{Main|wikipedia:DNA}}

=== Glyconucleic acid ===
[[File:Genetics-gna.svg|thumb|Glyconucleic acid.]]
GNA ('''g'''lyco'''n'''ucleic '''a'''cid) is the genetic storage polymer used by [[Celiane|Celianese]] life. It consists of a glycol-phosphate backbone and two discrete nucleobases (2-amino-8-(2-thienyl)purine and [[wikipedia:2-pyridone|2-pyridone]]), forming [[wikipedia:Watson-Crick pair|Watson-Crick base pairs]] that form 4-base codons. This means that life in Celiane produces the fewest number of amino acids of any known biochemistry by far (only 12: [[wikipedia:Gly|Gly]], [[wikipedia:Proline|Pro]], [[wikipedia:Cys|Cys]], [[wikipedia:Histidine|His]], [[wikipedia:Serine|Ser]], [[wikipedia:Alanine|Ala]], [[wikipedia:Leucine|Leu]], [[wikipedia:Glutamic acid|Glu]], [[wikipedia:Arginine|Arg]], [[wikipedia:Tyrosine|Tyr]], [[wikipedia:Gln|Gln]], [[wikipedia:Valine|Val]]). The lack of amino acids is compensated by other macromolecules and cofactors (vitamins, minerals, organometallic compounds) filling the same niches.

As a result of this, Celianese organisms' biological processes tend to be strikingly different:

* Neural pathways are simpler and much more reliant on electrical synapses (over chemical).
* Immune systems are enzymatic rather than cellular.
* Fewer, simpler proteins entail less chances for misfolding and protein aggregation, rendering diseases like [[wikipedia:Alzheimer's disease|Alzheimer's]], [[wikipedia:Parkinson's disease|Parkinson's]], [[wikipedia:ALS|ALS]], etc., exceedingly rare, almost impossible.
* Faster, simpler biosynthetic processes lead to advantages such as faster wound healing and tissue regeneration.
* High-metal-cofactor systems require high-metal-content diets, specifically iron, copper, zinc, manganese and especially magnesium.
* Structures that might be keratinous in CEVO group organisms (fur, hair, claws, nails...) are instead primarily chitinous.
* Better chemical sensing capabilities due to higher cofactor diversity.

=== Inositol nucleic disc ===
[[File:Genetics-ind.svg|thumb|Single IND. Position 2 is depicted darker and longer to denote its importance for hosting the start-stop group.]]
''Inositol nucleic discs'' (abbreviated INDs) are the main [[Maaya|Maayan]] genetic information storage chemical. They are almost-flat discs, a central cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol (''myo-inositol'') molecule in the middle, with positions 2, 3, 5 and 6 recording information by changing groups ([[wikipedia:Methyl group|methyl]], [[wikipedia:Amino group|amino]], [[wikipedia:Carboxyl group|carboxyl]] and [[wikipedia:Hydroxyl group|hydroxyl]]). These discs are stacked together in long cylindrical polymers, similar to DNA, linking together in positions 1 and 4 through phosphate groups. Position 2, being axial, serves as a start/stop point for enzymes reading the information.

With 4 states possible per 4 positions, the possible disc combinations add up to a total of 256 combinations. However, despite the large number of combinations, the genome only encodes for around 26 amino acids, with many disc configurations being redundant. This implies that there is a hard limit of possible amino acid biosynthesis pathways. The leading theory is that ancestral lifeforms on Maaya encoded for many more amino acids, but only those with few remained, while every other evolutionary line perished due to exponentially more frequent and deadly protein misfolding and Alzheimer's-like aggregation events. As proteins became bigger and more complex, there were more opportunities for them to synthesise wrong. Even today, one of the top death causes among Amono is ACS (amono cerebrosclerosis, the hardening of brain tissue due to massive protein aggregation), almost as common as cancer.

INDs are ''highly'' mutation-resistant as a result of their chemical stability. However, genetic repair enzymes on Maaya are much less efficient than their CEVO group equivalents (the biological unit group that includes World and Earth cells), making it easier for a mutation to slip through and become a permanent, inheritable part of the genome.

A common genetic issue is the sticking together of the oppositely-charged carboxyl and amino groups in the genome. This condition (called ''cytoplasmic potassium salt deficiency'' or CPSD) arises from imbalances in the usually potassium-salt-rich nuclear cytoplasm, which shields these groups from interacting. The IND strands become tangled and unreadable, leading to cells undergoing rapid necrosis if K-salts (especially [[wikipedia:Potassium sulfate|potassium sulfate]]) are not reintroduced into the system.

=== Nucleic laminar polymer ===
[[File:Genetics-fnlp.svg|thumb|Visual representation of Kannoan FNLP.]]
NLPs ('''n'''ucleic '''l'''aminar '''p'''olymers), chiefly ''genetic tape'' or ''genetic laminar'', are the main [[Kanno|Kannoan]] and [[Clannad|Clannadian]] genetic information storage chemicals, comparable to nucleic acids in the CEVO group of [[CoSM:Glossary#Biological unit|biological units]]. They are long, flat molecular ribbons that store information through patterns utilising two chemicals, the ''bases''. These bases form two- (in simpler organisms) to six-base-wide lines (in most multicellular life) that go horizontally across the tape's width.

An important distinguishing factor of NLPs is their continuous-pattern genomes: each line in the genetic code influences the next. Sequences of lines form semi-predictable patterns, owing to the tendency of their bases to form labyrinthine chemical patterns. This pattern-based structure is inherently self-healing, in that, were a mutation to occur, enzymes would rapidly recognise it and rearrange the molecules to match the surrounding pattern. However, this system is not perfect, and lines that are "close enough" to matching the surrounding pattern are left as-is. This provides the NLPs with ample room to mutate and adapt to environmental constraints.

Kannoan FNLP ('''f'''uco'''n'''ucleic '''l'''aminar '''p'''olymer) uses [[wikipedia:Fucose|fucose]] backbones and 2-aminopyrimidine and 2,4-dioxopyrimidine for data encoding, while Clannadian RNLP ('''r'''ibo'''n'''ucleic '''l'''aminar '''p'''olymer) uses ribose backbones, much like RNA. These two biochemistries are fundamentally incompatible:

* Kannoan FNLP is typically six bases wide, while Clannadian RNLP usually has only five.
* Even in sequences with the same width, the same base combinations encode for different amino acids.

=== Nucleic polycobaltocene ===
[[File:Genetics-npc.svg|thumb|NPC visualised.]]
''Nucleic polycobaltocene'' (NPC for short) is the main method of genetic encoding in [[Arai]]. Unlike all other known life taxa, Arai life is unique in its use of the inherent magnetic properties of different metal ion oxidation states for data storage, instead of chemical reactions. This works due to the planet's freezing cold temperatures helping to maintain magnetic properties stable, and the use of ammonia as a solvent instead of water.

NPC makes use of cobalt in three distinct oxidation states: the diamagnetic Co+ and Co3+ and the paramagnetic Co2+. These cobalt ions are bound together by [[wikipedia:Cyclopentadienyl|cyclopentadienyl]] anions in a Co-Cp-Co-Cp-[...] structure, giving the molecule a slightly twisting rod shape. "Codons" in this system are 3 cobalts long, thus allowing for 27 combinations that encode a total of 18 amino acids. Mutations are known to happen, primarily in the form of oxidation state changes (Co3+ ↔ Co2+ ↔ Co+). Due to its molecular structure as a polymetallocene, NPC is the thinnest genetic polymer known to exist.

Metabolic strains have led Arai life to find ways to greatly regulate cobalt levels in their cytoplasm. The main distinguishing feature of [[Cobonephrota|cobonephrotes]] (the domain containing the extinct [[Nene (species)|organic stage nene]]) is the development of a specialised organelle, the ''cobonephrus'', which regulates cobalt levels in the cell, filtering out excess and warning the organism whenever there is a deficiency. Other cellular characteristics include [[wikipedia:Acrylonitrile|acrylonitrile]] cell membranes and [[wikipedia:Polyphosphazene|polyphosphazene]] cell walls.

Due to the very nature of NPC's data storage, high temperatures and strong magnetic fields might tear apart the genome, leading to effects similar to radiation exposure.