Sen - Revision history

Maxisnt at 02:11, 25 May 2026

2026-05-25T02:11:17Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:11, 25 May 2026
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	== Grammar ==		== Grammar ==
	All "lexical" words (i.e. not purely grammatical, like pronouns) in Sen may take the role of verbs, nouns, adjectives or adverbs depending on the context.		All "lexical" words (i.e. not purely grammatical, like pronouns) in Sen may take the role of verbs, nouns, adjectives or adverbs depending on the context.
	{{Quote\|{{cs\|jrt\|ciena cara}} ''kiena kara'' "hot food"<br>		{{Quote\|{{cs\|jrt\|ciena cara}} ''kiena kara'' "hot food" ''or'' "the fire consumes"<br>
	{{cs\|jrt\|cara ciena}} ''kara kiena'' "edible fire"~~<br>~~		{{cs\|jrt\|cara ciena}} ''kara kiena'' "edible fire" ''or'' "the food heats up"<br>}}
	~~{{cs\|jrt\|ciena en cara}}~~ ''~~kiena en kara~~'' "the food heats up"}}

	=== Word order and head direction ===		=== Word order and head direction ===
	Sen word order is flexible, but for general statements it tends to be Subject-Object~~-Verb~~.		Sen word order is flexible, but for general statements it tends to be Verb-Subject-Object.

	{{Quote\|{{cs\|jrt\|lega o ciena ~~en pilca~~}} ''lega o kiena ~~en pilka~~''<br>		{{Quote\|{{cs\|jrt\|pilca lega o ciena}} ''pilka lega o kiena''<br>
	person OBJ food ~~PRED cook~~		cook person OBJ food
	"the person cooks the food"}}		"the person cooks the food"}}

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	These pronouns are appended at the beginning of verbs to mark person. Usually, a verb by itself with no marked person will tacitly carry the first person.		These pronouns are appended at the beginning of verbs to mark person. Usually, a verb by itself with no marked person will tacitly carry the first person.

	{{Quote\|{{cs\|jrt\|mea}} ''mea''~~<br>~~		{{Quote\|{{cs\|jrt\|mea}} ''mea'' "to know" ''or'' "I know"<br>
	"to know" ''or'' "I know"}}		{{cs\|jrt\|anmea}} '''''an'''mea'' "she knows"}}

	A pronoun may also be appended at the end of a noun to indicate possession or deixis, depending on context.		A pronoun may also be appended at the end of a noun to indicate possession or deixis, depending on context.
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	\|{{cs\|jrt\|muonis}} ''muonis'' "please rise" ''or'' "I wish to rise"		\|{{cs\|jrt\|muonis}} ''muonis'' "please rise" ''or'' "I wish to rise"
	\|}		\|}
	A verb may take a non-pronoun subject by ~~using the predicate marker~~ ''en.''		A verb may take a non-pronoun subject by directly preceding it''.''

	{{Quote\|{{cs\|jrt\|lea ~~en timuon~~}} ''lea ~~'''en''' timuon~~''<br>		{{Quote\|{{cs\|jrt\|timuon lea}} ''timuon lea''<br>
	"the sun will rise again"}}		"the sun will rise again"}}

	It may also take an object by using the object marker ''o''.		It may also take an object by using the object marker ''o''.

	{{Quote\|{{cs\|jrt\|je o lega ~~en sibici~~}} ''ye '''o''' lega ~~en sibiki~~''<br>		{{Quote\|{{cs\|jrt\|sibici je o lega}} ''sibiki ye '''o''' lega''<br>
	"the beast leads the man"}}		"the beast leads the man"}}

	=== Particles ===		=== Particles ===
	There are ~~three~~ main particles in Sen: ~~{{cs\|jrt\|en}} ''en'', the "predicate marker," introduces a verbal phrase,~~ {{cs\|jrt\|o}} ''o'' marks the direct object of a verb, and {{cs\|jrt\|u}} ''u'' serves as a benefactive ("for (the sake of)") or causative marker ("because of").		There are two main particles in Sen: {{cs\|jrt\|o}} ''o'' marks the direct object of a verb, and {{cs\|jrt\|u}} ''u'' serves as a benefactive ("for (the sake of)") or causative marker ("because of").
	[[Category: Languages]] [[Category: Constructed languages]]		[[Category: Languages]] [[Category: Constructed languages]]

Maxisnt at 16:22, 29 March 2026

2026-03-29T16:22:23Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:22, 29 March 2026
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	\| creator = [[Cárlẃmm Frinn]]		\| creator = [[Cárlẃmm Frinn]]
	\| posteriori = [[Phyrean language\|Phyrean]], [[Woru languages]], [[Vuru language\|Vuru]], [[Toamts language\|Toamts]], [[Ragham]], among others		\| posteriori = [[Phyrean language\|Phyrean]], [[Woru languages]], [[Vuru language\|Vuru]], [[Toamts language\|Toamts]], [[Ragham]], among others
	\|nativename={{cs\|jrt\|sen}}}}		\|nativename={{cs\|jrt\|sen}}<br>''Sen''}}

	'''Sen''' ({{cs\|jrt\|sen}} /sen/) is a constructed language created by writer and novelist [[Cárlẃmm Frinn]] throughout the 1650s to 70s as a personal exercise in linguistic neutrality and minimalism, with great liberties taken. The objective, to her, was to make a language able to form short, concise and understandable sentences with a small vocabulary. Modern linguists are still debating as to whether this goal was achieved by the time Sen reached completion around 1678, with the release of the last personally published book by Frinn, ''[[Sen: A Complete Guide]]'', shortly before her death in 1679. It derives most of its vocabulary from several natural languages such as [[Phyrean language\|Phyrean]], [[Vuru language\|Vuru]], [[North Woru\|North]] and [[South Woru]], [[Toamts language\|Toamts]], [[Ragham]], among many others, modified to suit the language's phonology, along with some words formed ''a priori''. Sen has amassed a large community of learners and speakers of varying fluency along the years, many of whom propose the language as a candidate for international communication.		'''Sen''' ({{cs\|jrt\|sen}} /sen/) is a constructed language created by writer and novelist [[Cárlẃmm Frinn]] throughout the 1650s to 70s as a personal exercise in linguistic neutrality and minimalism, with great liberties taken. The objective, to her, was to make a language able to form short, concise and understandable sentences with a small vocabulary. Modern linguists are still debating as to whether this goal was achieved by the time Sen reached completion around 1678, with the release of the last personally published book by Frinn, ''[[Sen: A Complete Guide]]'', shortly before her death in 1679. It derives most of its vocabulary from several natural languages such as [[Phyrean language\|Phyrean]], [[Vuru language\|Vuru]], [[North Woru\|North]] and [[South Woru]], [[Toamts language\|Toamts]], [[Ragham]], among many others, modified to suit the language's phonology, along with some words formed ''a priori''. Sen has amassed a large community of learners and speakers of varying fluency along the years, many of whom propose the language as a candidate for international communication.

Maxisnt at 04:11, 28 March 2026

2026-03-28T04:11:33Z

Show changes

Maxisnt at 12:40, 16 October 2025

2025-10-16T12:40:08Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:40, 16 October 2025
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	~~{{Borked}}~~{{Infobox language		{{Infobox language
	\| name = Sen		\| name = Sen
	\| familycolor = Conlang		\| familycolor = Conlang

Maxisnt at 17:58, 15 October 2025

2025-10-15T17:58:42Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:58, 15 October 2025
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	{{Infobox language		{{Borked}}{{Infobox language
	\| name = Sen		\| name = Sen
	\| familycolor = Conlang		\| familycolor = Conlang

Maxisnt: 1 revision imported

2025-10-15T00:12:11Z

1 revision imported

← Older revision	Revision as of 00:12, 15 October 2025
(No difference)

Maxisnt: /* Verbs */

2025-08-17T22:14:55Z

Verbs

New page

{{Infobox language
| name = Sen
| familycolor = Conlang
| creator = [[Cárlẃmm Frinn]]
| posteriori = [[Phyrean language|Phyrean]], [[Woru languages]], [[Vuru language|Vuru]], [[Toamts language|Toamts]], [[Ragham]], among others
}}

'''Sen''' (/sen/) is a constructed language created by writer and novelist [[Cárlẃmm Frinn]] throughout the 1650s to 70s as a personal exercise in linguistic neutrality and minimalism, with great liberties taken. The objective, to her, was to make a language able to form short, concise and understandable sentences with a small vocabulary. Modern linguists are still debating as to whether this goal was achieved by the time Sen reached completion around 1678, with the release of the last personally published book by Frinn, ''[[Sen: A Complete Guide]]'', shortly before her death in 1679. It derives most of its vocabulary from several natural languages such as [[Phyrean language|Phyrean]], [[Vuru language|Vuru]], [[North Woru|North]] and [[South Woru]], [[Toamts language|Toamts]], [[Ragham]], among many others, modified to suit the language's phonology, along with some words formed ''a priori''. Sen has amassed a large community of learners and speakers of varying fluency along the years, many of whom propose the language as a candidate for international communication.

== Phonology ==

=== Consonants ===
Sen makes use of a small set of 15 phonemes.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|+Sen consonants
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" |Labial / Labiodental
! colspan="2" |Alveolar
! rowspan="2" |Palatal
! colspan="2" |Velar
|-
!Unvoiced
!Voiced
!Unvoiced
!Voiced
!Unvoiced
!Voiced
|-
! colspan="2" |Nasal
|
|'''m''' /m/
|
|'''n''' /n/
|
| colspan="2" |
|-
! colspan="2" |Plosive
|'''p''' /p/
|'''b''' /b/
|'''t''' /t/
|'''d''' /d/
|
|'''k''' /k/
|'''g''' /g/
|-
! rowspan="2" |Fricative
!Plain
|'''f''' /f/
|
| colspan="2" |
|
| colspan="2" |
|-
!Sibilant
| colspan="2" |
|'''s''' /s/
|
|
| colspan="2" |
|-
! colspan="2" |Trill or tap
| colspan="2" |
|
|'''r''' /r~ɾ/
|
| colspan="2" |
|-
! rowspan="2" |Approximant
!Plain
|
|'''w''' /w/
| colspan="2" |
|'''y''' /j/
|
|('''w''' /w/)
|-
!Lateral
|
|
|
|'''l''' /l/
|
| colspan="2" |
|}

=== Vowels ===
Sen uses 5 vowels.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|+Sen vowels
!
!Front
!Central
!Back
|-
!Close
|'''i''' /i/
|
|'''u''' /u/
|-
!Mid
|'''e''' /e/
|
|'''o''' /o/
|-
!Open
|
|'''a''' /a/
|
|}
Vowels may never form diphthongs or long vowels, at least phonemically. Sequences of vowels contacting are always broken up by a hiatus−even two of the same vowel.

== Grammar ==
All "lexical" words (i.e. not purely grammatical, like pronouns) in Sen may take the role of verbs, nouns, adjectives or adverbs depending on the context.
{{Quote|''kiena kara'' "hot food" 
''kara kiena'' "edible fire" 
''kiena en kara'' "the food heats up"}}

=== Word order and head direction ===
Sen word order is flexible, but for general statements it tends to be Subject-Object-Verb.

{{Quote|''lega o kiena en pilka'' 
person OBJ food PRED cook
"the person cooks the food"}}

It is also usually head-initial, and lexical words may be modified concatenating other words after them.

=== Pronouns ===
Sen has three pronouns, displayed below.
{| class="wikitable"
|+Sen pronouns
!First / Proximal
!Second / Medial
!Third / Distal
|-
|''el'' / Ø
|''os''
|''an''
|}
These pronouns are appended at the beginning of verbs to mark person. Usually, a verb by itself with no marked person will tacitly carry the first person.
{{Quote|''mea'' 
"to know" ''or'' "I know"}}
A pronoun may also be appended at the end of a noun to indicate possession or deixis, depending on context.

{{Quote|''kiena'''an''''' 
"(it is) his food" ''(as opposed to'' ankiena ''"he eats")'' ''or'' "(it is) that food"}}

=== Verbs ===
Verbs in Sen are conjugated by appending affixes at either ends.
{| class="wikitable"
|+Sen verbal inflection
!Conjugation
!Affix
!Example
|-
!Non-past
|''Unmarked''
|''muon'' "I (will) rise"
|-
!Past
| -en
|''muonen'' "I rose" ''or'' "I have risen"
|-
!Imperative
| -ebi
|''muonebi'' "rise!"
|-
!Iterative
|ti-
|''timuon'' "I (will) rise again"
|-
!Passive
| -iri
|''muoniri'' "I will be risen"
|-
!Reflexive
| -me
|''muonme'' "I rise myself"
|-
!Optative/Hortative
| -is
|''muonis'' "please rise" ''or'' "I wish to rise"
|}
A verb may take a non-pronoun subject by using the predicate marker ''en.''
{{Quote|''lea '''en''' timuon'' 
"the sun will rise again"}}
It may also take an object by using the object marker ''o''.

{{Quote|''ye '''o''' lega en sibiki'' 
"the beast leads the man"}}

=== Particles ===
There are three main particles in Sen: ''en'', the "predicate marker," introduces a verbal phrase, ''o'' marks the direct object of a verb, and ''u'' serves as a benefactive ("for (the sake of)") or causative marker ("because of").
[[Category: Languages]] [[Category: Constructed languages]]