Sen - Revision history

Maxisnt: /* Philosophy */

2026-06-13T17:47:48Z

Philosophy

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:47, 13 June 2026
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	Sen began as a personal pet project by Frinn aiming to create a language with a small lexicon, which could create meaningful sentences using the least amount of "lexical" elements necessary (i.e. nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs). Sen achieves this through a modest repertoire of derivational affixes, including ones for verbal and nominal inflection, nominalisers, verbalisers, adjectivisers, location and locomotion. It also removes strict categorisations of parts of speech in favour of ''lexemes'', words which may fill the roles of different parts of speech simultaneously while referring to general concepts, e.g. {{cs\|jrt\|un}} ''un'' generally means "black, dark," but may also mean "absence of light, shadow; hidden, secret, shaded, enshrouded; to hide, to conceal, to shade, to darken," among other more specific meanings deducible from context.		Sen began as a personal pet project by Frinn aiming to create a language with a small lexicon, which could create meaningful sentences using the least amount of "lexical" elements necessary (i.e. nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs). Sen achieves this through a modest repertoire of derivational affixes, including ones for verbal and nominal inflection, nominalisers, verbalisers, adjectivisers, location and locomotion. It also removes strict categorisations of parts of speech in favour of ''lexemes'', words which may fill the roles of different parts of speech simultaneously while referring to general concepts, e.g. {{cs\|jrt\|un}} ''un'' generally means "black, dark," but may also mean "absence of light, shadow; hidden, secret, shaded, enshrouded; to hide, to conceal, to shade, to darken," among other more specific meanings deducible from context.

	Sen was inspired by Frinn's [[Heranism\|Heranist]] studies, attempting to incorporate ~~its~~ ascetic and minimalist values into the very core of the language, as well as its communitarianism in creating her own group of early followers, all students of culture, logic and linguistics from the [[Magistral University of Eswarry]], which she attended. She encouraged deliberately experimenting with the language and developing personal idiolects, a concept she would refer to as ''creating one's own sibiki'' ({{cs\|jrt\|sibici}} Sen for "way, direction").		Sen was inspired by Frinn's [[Heranism\|Heranist]] studies, attempting to incorporate the religion's ascetic and minimalist values into the very core of the language, as well as its communitarianism in creating her own group of early followers, all students of culture, logic and linguistics from the [[Magistral University of Eswarry]], which she attended. She encouraged deliberately experimenting with the language and developing personal idiolects, a concept she would refer to as ''creating one's own sibiki'' ({{cs\|jrt\|sibici}} Sen for "way, direction").

	== Phonology ==		== Phonology ==

Maxisnt: /* Locative and locomotive affixes */

2026-06-11T19:40:24Z

Locative and locomotive affixes

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:40, 11 June 2026
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	Sen word order is flexible, but for general statements it tends to be Verb-Subject-Object.		Sen word order is flexible, but for general statements it tends to be Verb-Subject-Object.

	{{Quote\|{{cs\|jrt\|pinca ~~lega o ciena~~}} ''pinka ~~lega~~ kienade''<br>		{{Quote\|{{cs\|jrt\|pinca rega cienade}} ''pinka rega kienade''<br>
	cook person food-OBJ		cook person food-OBJ
	"the person cooks the food"}}		"the person cooks the food"}}
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	A verb may take a non-pronoun subject by directly preceding it''.''		A verb may take a non-pronoun subject by directly preceding it''.''

	{{Quote\|{{cs\|jrt\|timuon lea}} ''timuon ~~lea~~''<br>		{{Quote\|{{cs\|jrt\|timuon lea}} ''timuon rea''<br>
	"the sun will rise again"}}		"the sun will rise again"}}

	It may also take an object by using the object suffix ''-de''.		It may also take an object by using the object suffix ''-de''.

	{{Quote\|{{cs\|jrt\|sibici je legade}} ''sibiki ye ~~lega~~'''de'''''<br>		{{Quote\|{{cs\|jrt\|sibici je legade}} ''sibiki ye rega'''de'''''<br>
	"the beast leads the man"}}		"the beast leads the man"}}

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	\|}		\|}
	Genitive constructions are done through noun concatenation.		Genitive constructions are done through noun concatenation.
	{{Quote\|{{cs\|jrt\|je ~~lega~~}} ''ye ~~lega~~''<br>
			{{Quote\|{{cs\|jrt\|je rega}} ''ye rega''<br>
	"the man's dog"}}		"the man's dog"}}

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	\|{{cs\|jrt\|consin}} ''konsin'' "at the house"<br>{{cs\|jrt\|sincon}} ''sinkon'' "towards the house"		\|{{cs\|jrt\|consin}} ''konsin'' "at the house"<br>{{cs\|jrt\|sincon}} ''sinkon'' "towards the house"
	\|-		\|-
	\|{{cs\|jrt\|le}} le		\|{{cs\|jrt\|re}} re
	\|near(by)		\|near(by)
	\|motion near		\|motion near
	\|{{cs\|jrt\|~~lesin~~}} ''~~lesin~~'' "near the house"<br>{{cs\|jrt\|~~sinle~~}} ''~~sinle~~'' "moving near the house"		\|{{cs\|jrt\|resin}} ''resin'' "near the house"<br>{{cs\|jrt\|sinre}} ''sinre'' "moving near the house"
	\|-		\|-
	\|{{cs\|jrt\|i}} i		\|{{cs\|jrt\|i}} i

Maxisnt: /* Word order and head direction */

2026-06-11T19:37:12Z

Word order and head direction

@@ Line 106: / Line 106: @@
 Sen word order is flexible, but for general statements it tends to be Verb-Subject-Object.
-{{Quote|{{cs|jrt|pinca lega o ciena}} ''pinka lega o kiena''<br>
+{{Quote|{{cs|jrt|pinca lega o ciena}} ''pinka lega kienade''<br>
-cook person OBJ food
+cook person food-OBJ
 "the person cooks the food"}}
@@ Line 134: / Line 134: @@
 "(it is) his food" ''(as opposed to'' ankiena ''"he eats")'' ''or'' "(it is) that food"}}
-=== Verbs ===
+=== Verbal inflection ===
 Verbs in Sen are conjugated by appending affixes at either ends.
 {| class="wikitable"
@@ Line 175: / Line 175: @@
 "the sun will rise again"}}
-It may also take an object by using the object marker ''o''.
+It may also take an object by using the object suffix ''-de''.
-{{Quote|{{cs|jrt|sibici je o lega}} ''sibiki ye '''o''' lega''<br>
+{{Quote|{{cs|jrt|sibici je legade}} ''sibiki ye lega'''de'''''<br>
 "the beast leads the man"}}
-=== Particles ===
+=== Nominal inflection ===
-There are two main particles in Sen: {{cs|jrt|o}} ''o'' marks the direct object of a verb, and {{cs|jrt|u}} ''u'' serves as a benefactive ("for (the sake of)") or causative marker ("because of").
+Sen nominal inflection is minimal—only three nominal suffixes are used.
 [[Category: Languages]] [[Category: Constructed languages]]

Maxisnt at 19:00, 11 June 2026

2026-06-11T19:00:33Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:00, 11 June 2026
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	'''Sen''' ({{cs\|jrt\|sen}} /sen/) is a constructed language created by writer and novelist [[Cárlẃmm Frinn]] throughout the 1650s to 70s as a personal exercise in linguistic neutrality and minimalism, with great liberties taken. The objective, to her, was to make a language able to form short, concise and understandable sentences with a small vocabulary. Modern linguists are still debating as to whether this goal was achieved by the time Sen reached completion around 1678, with the release of the last personally published book by Frinn, ''[[Sen: A Complete Guide]]'', shortly before her death in 1679. It derives most of its vocabulary from several natural languages such as [[Phyrean language\|Phyrean]], [[Vuru language\|Vuru]], [[North Woru\|North]] and [[South Woru]], [[Toamts language\|Toamts]], [[Ragham]], among many others, modified to suit the language's phonology, along with some words formed ''a priori''. Sen has amassed a large community of learners and speakers of varying fluency along the years, many of whom propose the language as a candidate for international communication.		'''Sen''' ({{cs\|jrt\|sen}} /sen/) is a constructed language created by writer and novelist [[Cárlẃmm Frinn]] throughout the 1650s to 70s as a personal exercise in linguistic neutrality and minimalism, with great liberties taken. The objective, to her, was to make a language able to form short, concise and understandable sentences with a small vocabulary. Modern linguists are still debating as to whether this goal was achieved by the time Sen reached completion around 1678, with the release of the last personally published book by Frinn, ''[[Sen: A Complete Guide]]'', shortly before her death in 1679. It derives most of its vocabulary from several natural languages such as [[Phyrean language\|Phyrean]], [[Vuru language\|Vuru]], [[North Woru\|North]] and [[South Woru]], [[Toamts language\|Toamts]], [[Ragham]], among many others, modified to suit the language's phonology, along with some words formed ''a priori''. Sen has amassed a large community of learners and speakers of varying fluency along the years, many of whom propose the language as a candidate for international communication.

			== Philosophy ==
			Sen began as a personal pet project by Frinn aiming to create a language with a small lexicon, which could create meaningful sentences using the least amount of "lexical" elements necessary (i.e. nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs). Sen achieves this through a modest repertoire of derivational affixes, including ones for verbal and nominal inflection, nominalisers, verbalisers, adjectivisers, location and locomotion. It also removes strict categorisations of parts of speech in favour of ''lexemes'', words which may fill the roles of different parts of speech simultaneously while referring to general concepts, e.g. {{cs\|jrt\|un}} ''un'' generally means "black, dark," but may also mean "absence of light, shadow; hidden, secret, shaded, enshrouded; to hide, to conceal, to shade, to darken," among other more specific meanings deducible from context.

			Sen was inspired by Frinn's [[Heranism\|Heranist]] studies, attempting to incorporate its ascetic and minimalist values into the very core of the language, as well as its communitarianism in creating her own group of early followers, all students of culture, logic and linguistics from the [[Magistral University of Eswarry]], which she attended. She encouraged deliberately experimenting with the language and developing personal idiolects, a concept she would refer to as ''creating one's own sibiki'' ({{cs\|jrt\|sibici}} Sen for "way, direction").

	== Phonology ==		== Phonology ==

Maxisnt: /* Grammar */

2026-06-11T17:07:20Z

Grammar

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:07, 11 June 2026
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	{\| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"		{\| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
	\|+Sen consonants		\|+Sen consonants
	! ~~colspan="2"~~ rowspan="2" \|		! rowspan="2" \|
	! colspan="2" \|Labial / Labiodental		! colspan="2" \|Labial / Labiodental
	! colspan="2" \|Alveolar		! colspan="2" \|Alveolar
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	!<small>Voiced</small>		!<small>Voiced</small>
	\|-		\|-
	! ~~colspan="2" \|~~Nasal		!Nasal
	\|		\|
	\|{{Cs\|jrt\|m}} '''m''' /m/		\|{{Cs\|jrt\|m}} '''m''' /m/
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	\| colspan="2" \|		\| colspan="2" \|
	\|-		\|-
	! ~~colspan="2" \|~~Plosive		!Plosive
	\|{{Cs\|jrt\|p}} '''p''' /p/		\|{{Cs\|jrt\|p}} '''p''' /p/
	\|{{Cs\|jrt\|b}} '''b''' /b/		\|{{Cs\|jrt\|b}} '''b''' /b/
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	\|{{Cs\|jrt\|g}} '''g''' /g/		\|{{Cs\|jrt\|g}} '''g''' /g/
	\|-		\|-
	! ~~rowspan="2" \|~~Fricative		!Fricative
	~~!<small>Plain</small>~~
	~~\|{{Cs\|jrt\|f}} '''f''' /f/~~
	\|
	~~\| colspan="2" \|~~
	\|
	~~\| colspan="2" \|~~
	\|-
	~~!<small>Sibilant</small>~~
	\| colspan="2" \|		\| colspan="2" \|
	\|{{Cs\|jrt\|s}} '''s''' /s/		\|{{Cs\|jrt\|s}} '''s''' /s/
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	\| colspan="2" \|		\| colspan="2" \|
	\|-		\|-
	! ~~colspan="2" \|~~Trill or tap		!Trill or tap
	\| colspan="2" \|		\| colspan="2" \|
	\|		\|
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	\| colspan="2" \|		\| colspan="2" \|
	\|-		\|-
	! ~~rowspan="2" \|~~Approximant		!Approximant
	~~!<small>Plain</small>~~
	\|		\|
	\|{{Cs\|jrt\|w}} '''w''' /w/		\|{{Cs\|jrt\|w}} '''w''' /w/
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	\|		\|
	\|({{Cs\|jrt\|w}} '''w''' /w/)		\|({{Cs\|jrt\|w}} '''w''' /w/)
	\|-
	~~!<small>Lateral</small>~~
	\|
	\|
	\|
	~~\|{{Cs\|jrt\|l}} '''l''' /l/~~
	\|
	~~\| colspan="2" \|~~
	\|}		\|}

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	Sen word order is flexible, but for general statements it tends to be Verb-Subject-Object.		Sen word order is flexible, but for general statements it tends to be Verb-Subject-Object.

	{{Quote\|{{cs\|jrt\|~~pilca~~ lega o ciena}} ''~~pilka~~ lega o kiena''<br>		{{Quote\|{{cs\|jrt\|pinca lega o ciena}} ''pinka lega o kiena''<br>
	cook person OBJ food		cook person OBJ food
	"the person cooks the food"}}		"the person cooks the food"}}
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	!Third / Distal		!Third / Distal
	\|-		\|-
	\|{{cs\|jrt\|eḷ}} ''el'' / Ø		\|{{cs\|jrt\|eḷ}} ''en'' / Ø
	\|{{cs\|jrt\|os}} ''os''		\|{{cs\|jrt\|os}} ''os''
	\|{{cs\|jrt\|an}} ''an''		\|{{cs\|jrt\|an}} ''an''

Maxisnt at 02:11, 25 May 2026

2026-05-25T02:11:17Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:11, 25 May 2026
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	== Grammar ==		== Grammar ==
	All "lexical" words (i.e. not purely grammatical, like pronouns) in Sen may take the role of verbs, nouns, adjectives or adverbs depending on the context.		All "lexical" words (i.e. not purely grammatical, like pronouns) in Sen may take the role of verbs, nouns, adjectives or adverbs depending on the context.
	{{Quote\|{{cs\|jrt\|ciena cara}} ''kiena kara'' "hot food"<br>		{{Quote\|{{cs\|jrt\|ciena cara}} ''kiena kara'' "hot food" ''or'' "the fire consumes"<br>
	{{cs\|jrt\|cara ciena}} ''kara kiena'' "edible fire"~~<br>~~		{{cs\|jrt\|cara ciena}} ''kara kiena'' "edible fire" ''or'' "the food heats up"<br>}}
	~~{{cs\|jrt\|ciena en cara}}~~ ''~~kiena en kara~~'' "the food heats up"}}

	=== Word order and head direction ===		=== Word order and head direction ===
	Sen word order is flexible, but for general statements it tends to be Subject-Object~~-Verb~~.		Sen word order is flexible, but for general statements it tends to be Verb-Subject-Object.

	{{Quote\|{{cs\|jrt\|lega o ciena ~~en pilca~~}} ''lega o kiena ~~en pilka~~''<br>		{{Quote\|{{cs\|jrt\|pilca lega o ciena}} ''pilka lega o kiena''<br>
	person OBJ food ~~PRED cook~~		cook person OBJ food
	"the person cooks the food"}}		"the person cooks the food"}}

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	These pronouns are appended at the beginning of verbs to mark person. Usually, a verb by itself with no marked person will tacitly carry the first person.		These pronouns are appended at the beginning of verbs to mark person. Usually, a verb by itself with no marked person will tacitly carry the first person.

	{{Quote\|{{cs\|jrt\|mea}} ''mea''~~<br>~~		{{Quote\|{{cs\|jrt\|mea}} ''mea'' "to know" ''or'' "I know"<br>
	"to know" ''or'' "I know"}}		{{cs\|jrt\|anmea}} '''''an'''mea'' "she knows"}}

	A pronoun may also be appended at the end of a noun to indicate possession or deixis, depending on context.		A pronoun may also be appended at the end of a noun to indicate possession or deixis, depending on context.
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	\|{{cs\|jrt\|muonis}} ''muonis'' "please rise" ''or'' "I wish to rise"		\|{{cs\|jrt\|muonis}} ''muonis'' "please rise" ''or'' "I wish to rise"
	\|}		\|}
	A verb may take a non-pronoun subject by ~~using the predicate marker~~ ''en.''		A verb may take a non-pronoun subject by directly preceding it''.''

	{{Quote\|{{cs\|jrt\|lea ~~en timuon~~}} ''lea ~~'''en''' timuon~~''<br>		{{Quote\|{{cs\|jrt\|timuon lea}} ''timuon lea''<br>
	"the sun will rise again"}}		"the sun will rise again"}}

	It may also take an object by using the object marker ''o''.		It may also take an object by using the object marker ''o''.

	{{Quote\|{{cs\|jrt\|je o lega ~~en sibici~~}} ''ye '''o''' lega ~~en sibiki~~''<br>		{{Quote\|{{cs\|jrt\|sibici je o lega}} ''sibiki ye '''o''' lega''<br>
	"the beast leads the man"}}		"the beast leads the man"}}

	=== Particles ===		=== Particles ===
	There are ~~three~~ main particles in Sen: ~~{{cs\|jrt\|en}} ''en'', the "predicate marker," introduces a verbal phrase,~~ {{cs\|jrt\|o}} ''o'' marks the direct object of a verb, and {{cs\|jrt\|u}} ''u'' serves as a benefactive ("for (the sake of)") or causative marker ("because of").		There are two main particles in Sen: {{cs\|jrt\|o}} ''o'' marks the direct object of a verb, and {{cs\|jrt\|u}} ''u'' serves as a benefactive ("for (the sake of)") or causative marker ("because of").
	[[Category: Languages]] [[Category: Constructed languages]]		[[Category: Languages]] [[Category: Constructed languages]]

Maxisnt at 16:22, 29 March 2026

2026-03-29T16:22:23Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:22, 29 March 2026
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	\| creator = [[Cárlẃmm Frinn]]		\| creator = [[Cárlẃmm Frinn]]
	\| posteriori = [[Phyrean language\|Phyrean]], [[Woru languages]], [[Vuru language\|Vuru]], [[Toamts language\|Toamts]], [[Ragham]], among others		\| posteriori = [[Phyrean language\|Phyrean]], [[Woru languages]], [[Vuru language\|Vuru]], [[Toamts language\|Toamts]], [[Ragham]], among others
	\|nativename={{cs\|jrt\|sen}}}}		\|nativename={{cs\|jrt\|sen}}<br>''Sen''}}

	'''Sen''' ({{cs\|jrt\|sen}} /sen/) is a constructed language created by writer and novelist [[Cárlẃmm Frinn]] throughout the 1650s to 70s as a personal exercise in linguistic neutrality and minimalism, with great liberties taken. The objective, to her, was to make a language able to form short, concise and understandable sentences with a small vocabulary. Modern linguists are still debating as to whether this goal was achieved by the time Sen reached completion around 1678, with the release of the last personally published book by Frinn, ''[[Sen: A Complete Guide]]'', shortly before her death in 1679. It derives most of its vocabulary from several natural languages such as [[Phyrean language\|Phyrean]], [[Vuru language\|Vuru]], [[North Woru\|North]] and [[South Woru]], [[Toamts language\|Toamts]], [[Ragham]], among many others, modified to suit the language's phonology, along with some words formed ''a priori''. Sen has amassed a large community of learners and speakers of varying fluency along the years, many of whom propose the language as a candidate for international communication.		'''Sen''' ({{cs\|jrt\|sen}} /sen/) is a constructed language created by writer and novelist [[Cárlẃmm Frinn]] throughout the 1650s to 70s as a personal exercise in linguistic neutrality and minimalism, with great liberties taken. The objective, to her, was to make a language able to form short, concise and understandable sentences with a small vocabulary. Modern linguists are still debating as to whether this goal was achieved by the time Sen reached completion around 1678, with the release of the last personally published book by Frinn, ''[[Sen: A Complete Guide]]'', shortly before her death in 1679. It derives most of its vocabulary from several natural languages such as [[Phyrean language\|Phyrean]], [[Vuru language\|Vuru]], [[North Woru\|North]] and [[South Woru]], [[Toamts language\|Toamts]], [[Ragham]], among many others, modified to suit the language's phonology, along with some words formed ''a priori''. Sen has amassed a large community of learners and speakers of varying fluency along the years, many of whom propose the language as a candidate for international communication.

Maxisnt at 04:11, 28 March 2026

2026-03-28T04:11:33Z

Show changes

Maxisnt at 12:40, 16 October 2025

2025-10-16T12:40:08Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:40, 16 October 2025
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	~~{{Borked}}~~{{Infobox language		{{Infobox language
	\| name = Sen		\| name = Sen
	\| familycolor = Conlang		\| familycolor = Conlang

Maxisnt at 17:58, 15 October 2025

2025-10-15T17:58:42Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:58, 15 October 2025
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	{{Infobox language		{{Borked}}{{Infobox language
	\| name = Sen		\| name = Sen
	\| familycolor = Conlang		\| familycolor = Conlang