Ragham: Difference between revisions

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|name          = Ragham
|name          = Ragham
|altname      = Classical Ragham, Namun
|altname      = Classical Ragham, Namun
|nativename    = Raghaṃ
|nativename    = {{cs|brd|rGN}}<br>''Raghą''
|familycolor  = Namuno-Ethian
|familycolor  = Namuno-Ethian
|fam2          = Namunic
|fam2          = Namunic
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}}
}}


'''Ragham''' (''Raghaṃ'' [raˈgʱã] "standard, koine") is the ecclesiastical and literary language of [[Autanavism]] and [[Heranism]]. It is a [[Namuno-Ethian languages|Namuno-Ethian language]] of the [[Namunic languages|Namunic]] branch. The earliest evidence of a distinct language recognisable as Ragham can be traced back to 1000 BNB, when the first inscriptions appear, usually on steles of religious significance. The stage of the language found in these inscriptions is [[Early Ragham]]. In the modern day, Ragham is no longer spoken as a day-to-day language, but it is still prolifically used in religious and spiritual texts, songs and poetry.
'''Ragham''' ({{Cs|brd|rGN}} ''Raghą'' [raˈgʱã] "standard, koine") is the ecclesiastical and literary language of [[Autanavism]] and [[Heranism]]. It is a [[Namuno-Ethian languages|Namuno-Ethian language]] of the [[Namunic languages|Namunic]] branch. The earliest evidence of a distinct language recognisable as Ragham can be traced back to 1000 BNB, when the first inscriptions appear, usually on steles of religious significance. The stage of the language found in these inscriptions is [[Early Ragham]]. In the modern day, Ragham is no longer spoken as a day-to-day language, but it is still prolifically used in religious and spiritual texts, songs and poetry.


== History ==
== History ==
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|-
|-
! colspan="2" | Nasal
! colspan="2" | Nasal
| colspan="2" | m
| colspan="2" | {{Cs|brd|m}} m
| colspan="2" | n
| colspan="2" | {{Cs|brd|n}} n
| colspan="2" | ɳ
| colspan="2" | {{Cs|brd|ṇ}} ɳ
| colspan="2" | ɲ
| colspan="2" | {{Cs|brd|ñ}} ɲ
| colspan="2" | ŋ
| colspan="2" | {{Cs|brd|ṅ}} ŋ
|
|
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Plosive
! rowspan="2" | Plosive
!<small>Plain</small>
!<small>Plain</small>
| | p || | b
| | {{Cs|brd|p}} p || | {{Cs|brd|b}} b
| | t || | d
| | {{Cs|brd|t}} t || | {{Cs|brd|d}} d
| | ʈ || | ɖ
| | {{Cs|brd|ṭ}} ʈ || | {{Cs|brd|ḍ}} ɖ
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| | k || | g
| | {{Cs|brd|k}} k || | {{Cs|brd|g}} g
| |
| |
|-
|-
!<small>Breathy</small>
!<small>Breathy</small>
| pʰ
| {{Cs|brd|P}} pʰ
| bʱ
| {{Cs|brd|B}} bʱ
| tʰ
| {{Cs|brd|T}} tʰ
| dʱ
| {{Cs|brd|D}} dʱ
| ʈʰ
| {{Cs|brd|Ṭ}} ʈʰ
| ɖʱ
| {{Cs|brd|Ḍ}} ɖʱ
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| kʰ
| {{Cs|brd|K}} kʰ
| gʱ
| {{Cs|brd|G}} gʱ
|
|
|-
|-
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| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
|  colspan="2"|
|  colspan="2"|
|t͡ɕ
|{{Cs|brd|c}} t͡ɕ
|d͡ʑ
|{{Cs|brd|j}} d͡ʑ
|  colspan="2"|
|  colspan="2"|
|
|
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| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
|t͡ɕʰ
|{{Cs|brd|C}} t͡ɕʰ
|d͡ʑʱ
|{{Cs|brd|J}} d͡ʑʱ
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
|
|
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! colspan="2" | Fricative
! colspan="2" | Fricative
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" | s  
| colspan="2" | {{Cs|brd|s}} s  
| colspan="2" | ʂ  
| colspan="2" | {{Cs|brd|ṣ}} ʂ  
| colspan="2" |ɕ
| colspan="2" |{{Cs|brd|ś}} ɕ
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| ɦ  
| {{Cs|brd|h}} ɦ  
|-
|-
! colspan="2" |Tap
! colspan="2" |Tap
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |ɾ
| colspan="2" |{{Cs|brd|r}} ɾ
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
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|-
|-
! colspan="2" | Approximant
! colspan="2" | Approximant
| colspan="2" |ʋ
| colspan="2" |{{Cs|brd|w}} ʋ
| colspan="2" |l
| colspan="2" |{{Cs|brd|l}} l
|  colspan="2"|
|  colspan="2"|
| colspan="2" | j
| colspan="2" | {{Cs|brd|y}} j
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
|
|
|-
|}
|}


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|-
|-
!Close
!Close
|i i: ĩ ĩ:
|{{Cs|brd|iii}} i {{Cs|brd|iiii}} i: {{Cs|brd|iiiN}} ĩ {{Cs|brd|iiiiN}} ĩ:
|u u: ũ ũ:
|{{Cs|brd|uuu}} u {{Cs|brd|uuuu}} u: {{Cs|brd|uuuN}} ũ {{Cs|brd|uuuuN}} ũ:
|-
|-
!Open
!Open
|a a: ã ã:
|{{Cs|brd|aa}} a {{Cs|brd|aaa}} a: {{Cs|brd|aaN}} ã {{Cs|brd|aaaN}} ã:
|
|
|}
|}
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|+Diphthongs
!
!i
!u
|-
!a
|{{Cs|brd|aai}} ai
|{{Cs|brd|aau}} au
|-
!a:
|{{Cs|brd|aaai}} a:i
|{{Cs|brd|aaau}} a:u
|}
Along with these vowels, Ragham also has one more possible syllable nucleus in the form of one syllabic consonant, {{Cs|brd|RR}} [r̩].
[[Category:Ragham]] [[Category:Namunic languages]]
[[Category:Ragham]] [[Category:Namunic languages]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Languages of World]]
[[Category:Languages of World]]

Latest revision as of 08:57, 31 March 2026

Ragham
Classical Ragham, Namun
rGN
Raghą
Pronunciation[raˈgʱã]
RegionAlmost all of modern-day Namunia
Era1000 BNB – 120 ANB
Namuno-Ethian
  • Namunic
    • Ragham
Early form
Early Ragham
Nanai-Namun characters, Namun script, several others

Ragham (rGN Raghą [raˈgʱã] "standard, koine") is the ecclesiastical and literary language of Autanavism and Heranism. It is a Namuno-Ethian language of the Namunic branch. The earliest evidence of a distinct language recognisable as Ragham can be traced back to 1000 BNB, when the first inscriptions appear, usually on steles of religious significance. The stage of the language found in these inscriptions is Early Ragham. In the modern day, Ragham is no longer spoken as a day-to-day language, but it is still prolifically used in religious and spiritual texts, songs and poetry.

History

Early Ragham

Early Ragham split from the ancient Proto-Namunic language somewhere around or before 1000 BNB. We find an example of this young stage of the language in the Vanas tripod, a vessel which, apart from demonstrating the large contact between the Nanai and Namun people, contains an inscription written in the Washkas script.

ṢUNUWAA:LA:NATAⁿSAARA:WANAⁿSA

Ṣnwā la natãsār Wanãs (Early Ragham); Vaną la ṣnvā natąsār (Ecclesiastical Ragham)

"Vanas made me for a festival"

Phonology

Consonants

Consonants
Labial Alveolar Retroflex Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal m m n n ṇ ɳ ñ ɲ ṅ ŋ
Plosive Plain p p b b t t d d ṭ ʈ ḍ ɖ k k g g
Breathy P pʰ B bʱ T tʰ D dʱ Ṭ ʈʰ Ḍ ɖʱ K kʰ G gʱ
Affricate Plain c t͡ɕ j d͡ʑ
Breathy C t͡ɕʰ J d͡ʑʱ
Fricative s s ṣ ʂ ś ɕ h ɦ
Tap r ɾ
Approximant w ʋ l l y j

Vowels

Vowels
Front Back
Close iii i iiii i: iiiN ĩ iiiiN ĩ: uuu u uuuu u: uuuN ũ uuuuN ũ:
Open aa a aaa a: aaN ã aaaN ã:
Diphthongs
i u
a aai ai aau au
a: aaai a:i aaau a:u

Along with these vowels, Ragham also has one more possible syllable nucleus in the form of one syllabic consonant, RR [r̩].

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